Ali bey Huseynzade §

Born in Salyan in 1864; trained in physics and mathematics at St. Petersburg University and then in medicine at the Military Medical Academy in Istanbul, where he joined the early CUP nucleus around Ahmed Rıza in the 1890s. Returned to Baku after 1903 and co-founded the newspaper "Hayat" (1905) and the journal "Füyuzat" (1906), the most influential Azerbaijani-Turkic intellectual organs of the late imperial period; through them he popularised the formula "Türkleşmek, İslâmlaşmak, Avrupalılaşmak", Turkify, Islamise, Europeanise, that became the slogan of Azerbaijani national-modernism and entered the wider Pan-Turkist canon through Ziya Gökalp. Closed by tsarist censors in 1907 he returned to Istanbul, where he taught at the Imperial Medical School and became a member of the CUP Central Committee; remained in Istanbul after 1918 and continued to publish on aesthetics and Pan-Turkic civilisation. Died in Istanbul in 1940.