International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) §

UN convention adopted 21 December 1965, in force 4 January 1969. Defines racial discrimination, obliges State Parties to prohibit and eliminate it, and establishes the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD Committee) as the monitoring body. Article 22 contains the dispute-settlement clause used by Azerbaijan in its September 2021 ICJ application against Armenia (and by Armenia in its parallel counter-application) — both states are State Parties and have accepted the Article 22 jurisdictional grant. The CERD framework is the legal vehicle through which Karabakh-war atrocity events, including Khojaly, are currently being adjudicated at the International Court of Justice.