Sources · book · neutral-academic
Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics
Kemal H. Karpat, 1985 · University of Wisconsin Press
Notes
The standard demographic study based on Ottoman state censuses 1830-1914. Tabulates millet-by-vilayet population. Used here for Western Anatolian vilayet figures pre-1915. Karpat's figures are lower than the Armenian Patriarchate count and are themselves debated; the atlas presents both where they diverge.