Countries Fueling the Gaza Genocide: A Crude Oil Trade Analysis (November 2023 – October 2025) §

Released to coincide with COP30. Tracks Israeli crude-oil imports during the period 1 November 2023 – 31 October 2025 by tanker manifest and pipeline-of-origin. Headline finding: Azerbaijani crude (delivered via the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline and shipped from Ceyhan to Haifa) accounted for approximately 40 percent of Israeli crude oil imports across the period, with 61 documented shipments totalling more than 7 million tonnes. Combined with Kazakh crude shipped through Russia and routed via the Turkish straits, the two suppliers covered roughly 70 percent of Israel's wartime crude.