Demographics over time · Shusha · share of population + headcount Open full view ↗
  • Armenian
  • Azerbaijani
0%25%50%75%100%26kEVENTSArmenianAzerbaijani2k25k26k4k5k5.7k6.4k7.7k14k16k6003.3k4k×2k6k1823188619211939195919791994200920241905pogrom1920destruction1992atrocity ×22020events ×2

Background

By spring 1992 Stepanakert was under sustained fire from Azerbaijani-held Shusha, the high city overlooking the Karabakh capital. For Karabakh Armenians, taking Shusha was both military necessity and historical reversal after the destruction of Armenian Shusha in 1920.

The battle

Armenian forces attacked on 8 May and captured the city by 9 May. Azerbaijani defenders withdrew amid weak coordination and collapsing state authority in Baku. The fall of Shusha was followed within days by the opening of the Lachin route connecting Karabakh to Armenia proper. Militarily, this changed the war: Karabakh was no longer an isolated enclave editorial.

Memory and consequences

For Armenians, Shusha became the great victory of the First Karabakh War. For Azerbaijanis, it became one of the deepest symbols of occupation and humiliation. Both memories intensified because Shusha is not only strategic terrain. It is a cultural capital for Azerbaijanis and a historic Armenian urban centre as well.

The contradiction is precisely why the Azerbaijani capture of Shusha in 2020 carried such enormous meaning. The same city served as proof of Armenian survival in 1992 and Azerbaijani restoration in 2020 editorial.

  1. Thomas de Waal, Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, 2003
  2. Human Rights Watch, Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, 1994
  3. Levon Chorbajian, Patrick Donabedian, Claude Mutafian, The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh, 1994