Imperial Settlement & the Oil Economy §

Imperial settlement, Baku oil, and the parallel emergence of two national consciousnesses.

Russian rule consolidates. The Caucasian Calendar gazetteers map the population year by year. Baku oil produces an industrial proletariat, ethnically stratified between Armenian and Russian capital and Caucasian Tatar (Azerbaijani) labour. The intellectual foundations of modern Armenian and modern Azerbaijani nationalism are laid in the same decades, in Tiflis and Baku, in dialogue with each other and with Russian and European thought.