Demographics over time · Constantinople · absolute population + headcount Open full view ↗
  • Armenian
040.6k81.1k121.7k162.2k162kEVENTSArmenian162k162k60k50k18971914192320241914war1915atrocity ×31919event

Background

By late May 1915 Armenian intellectuals had been arrested in Constantinople, Armenian soldiers had been disarmed, and deportations had already begun in eastern provinces. The Tehcir Law did not initiate the destruction; it legalised and generalised it.

The law

The law authorised military commanders to remove populations suspected of espionage, treason or obstruction of military operations. Its language was general, but its application overwhelmingly targeted Armenians. Orders from the Interior Ministry and provincial governors converted the legal permission into convoy deportations toward Syria and Mesopotamia.

Significance

The retroactive chronology matters. If deportations had been a lawful, limited security response, the law would have preceded the policy and included protections for civilians. Instead, it followed arrests and killings and operated alongside the Liquidation Law that seized Armenian property editorial.

Turkish official historiography often presents Tehcir as wartime relocation contested. The documentary record shows a state policy whose mechanisms, routes and outcomes made mass death foreseeable and intended in practice. The law gave bureaucracy to destruction editorial.

  1. Raymond Kévorkian, The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History, 2011
  2. Taner Akçam, A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility, 2006
  3. Vahakn N. Dadrian, The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus, 1995