Baku demographics

Density 1.0× span

Demographics over time · Baku · share of population + headcount

Persian
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Russian
Jewish

All observations · 26 rows

Year	Group	Share	Population	Source	Notes
1873	Persian	12%	—	Caucasus Calendar (Каменский Календарь / Кавказский календарь), 1846-1917	Persian merchants and labour, a significant pre-oil-boom Baku community.
1873	Armenian	14%	—	Caucasus Calendar (Каменский Календарь / Кавказский календарь), 1846-1917
1873	Azerbaijani	55%	—	Caucasus Calendar (Каменский Календарь / Кавказский календарь), 1846-1917	Pre-oil-boom Baku. The post-1872 oil industry would shift the demographic balance toward a Russian and Armenian merchant-and-professional class.
1897	Azerbaijani	36%	—	First General Census of the Russian Empire, 1897	A polyglot city: Russian, Armenian and Persian populations were each significant.
1897	Armenian	17%	—	First General Census of the Russian Empire, 1897
1897	Russian	35%	—	First General Census of the Russian Empire, 1897
1926	Russian	32%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1926
1926	Jewish	4%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1926
1926	Armenian	19%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1926
1926	Azerbaijani	26%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1926	Baku in 1926 was still polyglot: Russian about 32%, Azerbaijani 26%, Armenian 19%, Persian 4%, Jewish 4%, plus other.
1939	Armenian	16%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1939	Pre-war Armenian community of Baku.
1959	Russian	35%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1959	Late Stalinist Baku still had a Russian plurality.
1959	Azerbaijani	33%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1959
1959	Armenian	15%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1959
1970	Russian	27%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1970
1970	Azerbaijani	47%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1970
1970	Armenian	14%	—	All-Union Population Census of 1970
1979	Azerbaijani	66%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1979
1979	Russian	13%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1979
1979	Armenian	14%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1979
1989	Azerbaijani	67%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1989
1989	Armenian	7%	—	All-Union Soviet Census of 1989	After Sumgait (Feb 1988) and Kirovabad (Nov 1988) pogroms; before the January 1990 Baku pogrom.
1999	Armenian	—	645	Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War	After the Baku pogrom of January 1990, the long-standing 200,000+ Armenian community of Baku was reduced to a residual population of mostly elderly women in mixed marriages.
2009	Azerbaijani	90%	2,050,000	Azerbaijan 2009 Population Census	After the 1988-1990 Armenian flight and the post-Soviet Russian out-migration, Baku became overwhelmingly Azerbaijani.
2022	Azerbaijani	91%	2,300,000	Azerbaijan 2019 Population Estimates	AzStat estimate continued from the 2019 baseline.
2024	Azerbaijani	91%	2,330,000	Azerbaijan 2019 Population Estimates

All observations · 26 rows §

All observations · 26 rows