Demographics over time · Baku · share of population + headcount Open full view ↗
  • Persian
  • Armenian
  • Azerbaijani
  • Russian
  • Jewish
0%25%50%75%100%2.3MEVENTSPersianArmenianAzerbaijaniRussianJewish6452M2.3M2.3M18731897192619391959197019891999200920241905atrocity1918atrocity ×31920event1969event1990pogrom1993event2012event2013atrocity2014atrocity2022event2026event

The Mammadov case became the procedural anchor for the ECHR's wider engagement with Azerbaijani systemic detention practice. The Court's 2014 Mammadov judgment found pretextual prosecution; the 2019 infringement procedure (under Article 46(4) of the Convention, used for the first time in Council of Europe history) found Azerbaijan's continued non-compliance. Mammadov was released August 2018; the conviction was quashed April 2020.

  1. European Court of Human Rights, Fifth Section, Aliyev v. Azerbaijan (Application nos. 68762/14 and 71200/14), 2018
  2. Amnesty International (compiled), Azerbaijan: Country profile and political-prisoner reports, 2024