Reversal & Cleansing §

The 44-day war, the nine-month blockade, and the September 2023 evacuation that emptied Karabakh of its Armenians.

The September-November 2020 war retook the seven Azerbaijani districts and parts of NKAO including Shusha. Russian peacekeepers held the Lachin corridor through 2022; the December 2022 blockade closed it; the September 2023 24-hour Azerbaijani operation collapsed Artsakh; over 100,000 Armenians fled within a week. The Republic of Artsakh dissolved itself on 1 January 2024. The European Parliament called the result ethnic cleansing; the ICJ ordered Azerbaijan three times in 2023 to permit unimpeded movement and protect departure.